Are there differences in off-gassing between the two?
Yes, there are significant differences in off-gassing between pocket spring mattresses and foam mattresses, largely due to the materials used in their construction.
Off-gassing refers to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the air from materials used in products like mattresses. These VOCs are typically chemicals that were used in the manufacturing process and can have a noticeable odor, especially in foam products.
Foam mattresses, including those made from memory foam, are particularly prone to off-gassing. This is because foam is made from petrochemicals, and during the manufacturing process, these chemicals can become trapped within the foam structure. Once the mattress is unpacked, these VOCs begin to evaporate, a process known as off-gassing. Even foam mattresses that are certified by organizations like OEKO-TEX or CertiPUR-US, which ensure that the foam meets certain safety and environmental standards, can still experience off-gassing. These certifications reduce the levels of harmful chemicals, but they do not eliminate them entirely.
The primary reason for off-gassing in foam mattresses is the presence of chemicals such as polyurethane, formaldehyde, toluene, and benzene. These compounds are used in the production of foam to achieve the desired density, durability, and flexibility. While many of these chemicals dissipate over time, they can still release small amounts of VOCs when the mattress is new. The odor is usually strongest in the first few days after the mattress is unpacked, but in some cases, it can linger for weeks. Even “green” or “eco-friendly” foam mattresses, which may use plant-based foams or reduced levels of certain chemicals, are not entirely free from off-gassing, as the chemical processes involved in creating foam inherently produce VOCs.
In contrast, pocket spring mattresses generally have much lower levels of off-gassing. This is because they are primarily composed of metal springs and natural materials like wool, cotton, and horsehair. These materials do not contain the same volatile compounds found in foam, so there is minimal off-gassing. The natural materials used in high-quality pocket spring mattresses are not treated with chemicals, which means that off-gassing is virtually nonexistent. As a result, the air quality around a pocket spring mattress is usually much better from the moment it is installed.
Moreover, pocket spring mattresses that are filled with natural fibers such as wool and horsehair are inherently more breathable, which helps to dissipate any minor odors more quickly. This breathability, combined with the use of less synthetic material, means that off-gassing is rarely a concern with these mattresses.
In summary, while all mattresses may release some level of odor when new, foam mattresses are far more prone to off-gassing due to the chemicals involved in their production. Even with certifications that limit the use of harmful chemicals, foam still emits VOCs, which can affect indoor air quality. On the other hand, pocket spring mattresses, especially those made with natural materials, have minimal off-gassing, making them a better choice for those concerned about air quality and chemical exposure.